As the joystick is moved, the potentiometers’ resistance modifications, leading to different voltage amounts which might be go through by a microcontroller or other processing device. Note that this example assumes you happen to be using an Arduino-compatible board that supports the Joystick library, such as the Arduino Leonardo or https://dantexmakv.ltfblog.com/36732830/5-simple-statements-about-diy-arcade-parts-explained